Pool Chemistry Explained

A plain-language reference for every pool chemistry term. What each one means, what range to aim for, and why it matters. No jargon, no fluff.

Sanitizers

FC

Free Chlorine

The active chlorine in your water — what actually sanitizes. Target depends on your CYA level.

CC

Combined Chlorine

Spent chlorine bound to organics — the source of "pool smell."

Coming soon
TC

Total Chlorine

Free chlorine plus combined chlorine — the sum your test kit may show.

Coming soon

Chloramines

The compounds responsible for "chlorine smell" and eye irritation — and why the fix is more chlorine, not less.

Breakpoint Chlorination

The shock level that destroys chloramines and resets your chlorine.

Coming soon
ORP

Oxidation Reduction Potential

A direct measure of sanitizing strength, used widely in EU and pro systems.

Coming soon

Water Balance

pH

How acidic or alkaline your water is. Affects chlorine effectiveness.

Coming soon
TA

Total Alkalinity

The buffer that keeps pH stable. Too high makes pH unmanageable.

Coming soon
CH

Calcium Hardness

How much calcium is dissolved in your water. Too high = scale.

Coming soon
LSI

Langelier Saturation Index

The water balance number that ties pH, TA, CH, and temp together — and why most calculators get it wrong.

Stabilizers

Salt & Other

Salt

The chloride that lets a salt water generator make chlorine.

Coming soon
TDS

Total Dissolved Solids

Everything dissolved in your water — minerals, salts, chemicals.

Coming soon

Phosphates

Algae food. Where it comes from and whether you should worry.

Coming soon

Borates

Optional additive that buffers pH and inhibits algae growth.

Coming soon

This section is just getting started.

We're publishing each concept page as we write them. Browse the full guides → for problem-solving articles in the meantime.